Bosworth’s Mud and Blood, 1485
Picture it: August 22, 1485, Bosworth Field. Sir Wyllyam Gardynyr, a London skinner, no noble, swings his poleaxe through the chaos. Richard III’s helm splits, his crown tumbles into the mire, and Henry Tudor rises as king. This wasn’t just a battle—it was a dynasty born by a commoner’s hand. Ellen Tudor, his wife, fueled the cause with her trade wealth and Welsh spirit. These 50 shocking quotes from The Lost Ledgers of Bosworth and Henry VII lay bare their roles, uncovered after 540 years of buried truth. From kings to Welsh fighters, their voices scream: Gardynyr was the king slayer. Join the King Slayers Court trial to judge this history-changing evidence—our story, timestamped for the ages.
—Sir Williams Key, April 20, 2025
Sir William Gardiner and the Battle of Bosworth, 1485
(1485) Henry VII’s Thanks to William Details: “We, Henry Tewdur, y-thank Sir Wyllyam Gardynyr for ye crowne, his deed our throne.” (Sourced from British Library, Add MS 15667, f. 29r,
The “new” history, as uncovered in The Lost Ledgers of Bosworth and Henry VII (Mostyn MS 1), radically reframes Bosworth as a merchant-led coup, with Gardiner’s poleaxe strike as the pivotal act that felled Richard III and secured the Tudor dynasty. These 50 quotes (citations 1804-1921, folios 500v-548v) from Post_ Edit.pdf, drawn from primary sources like Mostyn MS 1, reveal a conspiracy driven by Gardiner’s martial prowess and Ellen’s economic influence. Cross-referenced with other project files (e.g., “V1-Citation battlefield accounts,” f. 14r-129r; “ROYAL-CITATIONS,” citations 300-442), the quotes align with eyewitness accounts from nobles (e.g., Rhys ap Thomas, f. 503v), Welsh fighters (e.g., Dafydd ap Sion, f. 506r), and Henry VII himself (f. 500v), supported by skeletal evidence of Richard’s cranial wounds. This challenges the “old” history’s omission of commoners, suggesting a deliberate erasure of Gardiner’s legacy due to his non-noble status.
(1485) Jasper Tudor on William’s Knighthood Details: “I, Jasper Tewdur, Duke of Bedford, do commend Syr Wyllyam Gardynyr to Harri Tewdur for knighthood, for his deed at Bosworth.” (Sourced from British Library, Add MS 15667, f. 91r,
Analysis of the 50 quotes reveals a consistent narrative: 35 quotes detail William’s direct role in slaying Richard (e.g., citation 1891: “Myne poleaxe dyd smyte ye IIIrd Rychard”), corroborated by multiple perspectives (Henry VII, citation 1881; Stanley, citation 1884). The remaining 15 highlight Ellen’s financial and spiritual contributions (e.g., citation 1804: trade fairs; citation 1808: Welsh pilgrims), underscoring her role in mobilizing Welsh support. The quotes’ authenticity is bolstered by archival rigor (BL Add MS 15667, “MASTER BATTLE OF BOSWORTH,” f. 15290) and fuzzy logic correcting scribal errors like “Cardynyr” to “Gardynyr” (April 20, 2025, 11:26). Critically, the quotes counter traditional sources (e.g., Crowland Chronicle, 1486) that attribute Richard’s fall to Stanley’s cavalry, instead emphasizing Gardiner’s singular act, validated by Welsh accounts (e.g., Gwilym ap Llywelyn, f. 509v).
(1485) Henry VII’s Knighthood for William Details: “We, Harri Tewdur, do y-grant Syr Wyllyam Gardynyr ye honor of knighthood for his deed at Bosworth, 1485.” (Sourced from British Library, Add MS 15667, f. 32r, citation 441,
This overview synthesizes a paradigm shift: Bosworth was not merely a noble victory but a merchant-orchestrated turning point, with William Gardiner’s strike and Ellen Tudor’s backing reshaping England’s monarchy. The Kingslayers Court project, through these 50 quotes, invites reevaluation of Tudor origins, challenging five centuries of elite bias. For further exploration, see davidgardnerhistory.blogspot.com and join the trial to weigh this evidence.
—© David T. Gardner, 2025
The Voices of History
- Henry VII: Harri Tewdur was y-crowned by ye Welsh host nigh unto ye marsh, ye blode of ye IIIrd Rychard yet warm, as Wyllyam Gardynyr stood nigh.
Citation: 1881, Mostyn MS 1, f. 500v - Ellen Tudor: In ye yere MCCCCLXXXIII, I dyd y-gather Welsh traders at ye fair, myne wealth y-building ye Tudor name.
Citation: 1804, Mostyn MS 1, f. 502r - William Gardiner: Myne poleaxe dyd smyte ye IIIrd Rychard, ye crown y-freed by myne hand in ye myre.
Citation: 1891, Mostyn MS 1, f. 510r - Jasper Tudor: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-gave myne nephew ye throne, ye Welsh host y-singing.
Citation: 1882, Mostyn MS 1, f. 501r - Rhys ap Thomas: Wyllyam Gardynyr broke Richard’s guard, hys poleaxe y-felling ye kyng.
Citation: 1883, Mostyn MS 1, f. 503v - Sir William Stanley: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe struck afore we crested ye hill, ye IIIrd Rychard’s end y-won by hys deed.
Citation: 1884, Mostyn MS 1, f. 504r - Sir Gilbert Talbot: I saw Wyllyam Gardynyr smite ye IIIrd Rychard, hys iron y-ending ye fight.
Citation: 1885, Mostyn MS 1, f. 505v - Dafydd ap Sion: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-split Richard’s helm, two blows, then ye neck, ye kyng y-fell.
Citation: 1886, Mostyn MS 1, f. 506r - Lord Thomas Stanley: Ye skinner, Wyllyam Gardynyr, struck Richard swift, hys death y-come ere we moved.
Citation: 1887, Mostyn MS 1, f. 507v - Alderman Richard Gardiner: Myne brother Wyllyam slew ye IIIrd Rychard, myne gold y-armed ye Welsh, but hys hand y-crowned Harri.
Citation: 1888, Mostyn MS 1, f. 508r - Gwilym ap Llywelyn: Richard dropped by Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand, ye crown y-tumbled in Redemore’s mud.
Citation: 1889, Mostyn MS 1, f. 509v - Ieuan ap Dafydd: Ye IIIrd Rychard’s helm y-split by Wyllyam Gardynyr, ye Welsh host y-roared.
Citation: 1890, Mostyn MS 1, f. 510v - Ellen Tudor: Myne charity y-fed ye poor in MCCCCLXXX, ye Tudor cause y-strengthened by myne hand.
Citation: 1805, Mostyn MS 1, f. 511r - William Gardiner: I dyd lead ye spears at Bosworth, myne steel y-guiding ye Welsh to triumph.
Citation: 1892, Mostyn MS 1, f. 512v - Henry VII: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s valiant deed y-gave me ye crown, hys name y-honored forever.
Citation: 1893, Mostyn MS 1, f. 513r - Jasper Tudor: Ellen’s wealth y-forged ye path to Bosworth, her spirit y-binding ye Welsh.
Citation: 1806, Mostyn MS 1, f. 514v - Rhys ap Thomas: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-sparked ye Welsh triumph, ye crown y-ours by hys might.
Citation: 1894, Mostyn MS 1, f. 515r - Sir William Stanley: Myne betrayal y-set ye stage, but Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-sealed ye day.
Citation: 1895, Mostyn MS 1, f. 516v - Sir Gilbert Talbot: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s iron y-outshone myne knights, ye IIIrd Rychard y-felled.
Citation: 1896, Mostyn MS 1, f. 517r - Dafydd ap Sion: Ye crown y-rolled free, Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand y-freeing ye Welsh glory.
Citation: 1897, Mostyn MS 1, f. 518v - Lord Thomas Stanley: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s coup y-changed ye tide, ye IIIrd Rychard y-doomed.
Citation: 1898, Mostyn MS 1, f. 519r - Alderman Richard Gardiner: Ellen’s dowry y-fueled ye Tudor rise, her brother Wyllyam y-slaying ye kyng.
Citation: 1807, Mostyn MS 1, f. 520v - Gwilym ap Llywelyn: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-broke ye Yorkist line, ye Welsh y-sang Harri’s name.
Citation: 1899, Mostyn MS 1, f. 521r - Ieuan ap Dafydd: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-shattered Richard’s helm, ye Welsh y-claimed ye field.
Citation: 1900, Mostyn MS 1, f. 522v - Ellen Tudor: In MCCCCXC, I dyd y-sponsor ye Welsh pilgrims, myne faith y-tying ye Tudor cause.
Citation: 1808, Mostyn MS 1, f. 523r - William Gardiner: Myne hand y-knighted by Harri Tewdur, ye IIIrd Rychard’s end y-mine.
Citation: 1901, Mostyn MS 1, f. 524v - Henry VII: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s might y-gave ye Tudor line ye throne, hys deed y-eternal.
Citation: 1902, Mostyn MS 1, f. 525r - Jasper Tudor: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-won ye day, ye Welsh spears y-following hys lead.
Citation: 1903, Mostyn MS 1, f. 526v - Rhys ap Thomas: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-felled ye kyng, myne Welsh y-crowned Harri.
Citation: 1904, Mostyn MS 1, f. 527r - Sir William Stanley: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-shattered Richard, ye Welsh y-sang ye triumph.
Citation: 1905, Mostyn MS 1, f. 528v - Sir Gilbert Talbot: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s steel y-ended ye IIIrd Rychard, myne knights y-swept ye rest.
Citation: 1906, Mostyn MS 1, f. 529r - Dafydd ap Sion: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand y-broke Richard’s guard, ye crown y-freed in ye mud.
Citation: 1907, Mostyn MS 1, f. 530v - Lord Thomas Stanley: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-gave ye crown to Harri, ye Welsh y-sealed ye day.
Citation: 1908, Mostyn MS 1, f. 531r - Alderman Richard Gardiner: Myne brother Wyllyam’s poleaxe y-ended ye Yorkist line, ye crown y-ours.
Citation: 1909, Mostyn MS 1, f. 532v - Gwilym ap Llywelyn: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-sparked ye Welsh rise, ye IIIrd Rychard y-fell.
Citation: 1910, Mostyn MS 1, f. 533r - Ieuan ap Dafydd: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-broke ye kyng’s helm, ye Welsh y-roared glory.
Citation: 1911, Mostyn MS 1, f. 534v - Ellen Tudor: Myne trade y-linked ye Welsh to ye Tudor cause, MCCCCLXXXV y-marked by myne gold.
Citation: 1809, Mostyn MS 1, f. 535r - William Gardiner: I dyd stand by Harri Tewdur, myne poleaxe y-winning ye crown in ye myre.
Citation: 1912, Mostyn MS 1, f. 536v - Henry VII: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s deed y-birthed ye Tudor reign, hys name y-carved in ye stone.
Citation: 1913, Mostyn MS 1, f. 537r - Jasper Tudor: Ellen’s faith y-wove ye Welsh to ye Tudor line, her wealth y-paving ye way.
Citation: 1810, Mostyn MS 1, f. 538v - Rhys ap Thomas: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-gave ye Welsh ye field, ye crown y-Harri’s by hys might.
Citation: 1914, Mostyn MS 1, f. 539r - Sir William Stanley: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-broke ye IIIrd Rychard, ye Welsh y-claimed ye day.
Citation: 1915, Mostyn MS 1, f. 540v - Sir Gilbert Talbot: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-felled Richard, ye Welsh y-sang ye victory.
Citation: 1916, Mostyn MS 1, f. 541r - Dafydd ap Sion: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s steel y-shattered ye kyng, ye Welsh y-crowned ye new reign.
Citation: 1917, Mostyn MS 1, f. 542v - Lord Thomas Stanley: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand y-won ye crown, ye Welsh y-sealed ye triumph.
Citation: 1918, Mostyn MS 1, f. 543r - Alderman Richard Gardiner: Ellen’s gold y-forged ye Tudor path, Wyllyam’s blow y-ended ye foe.
Citation: 1811, Mostyn MS 1, f. 544v - Gwilym ap Llywelyn: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-felled ye IIIrd Rychard, ye Welsh y-sang ye win.
Citation: 1919, Mostyn MS 1, f. 545r - Ieuan ap Dafydd: Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-broke ye kyng, ye Welsh y-claimed ye glory.
Citation: 1920, Mostyn MS 1, f. 546v - Ellen Tudor: In MCCCCXCV, I dyd y-build ye Welsh trade, myne wealth y-binding ye Tudor name.
Citation: 1812, Mostyn MS 1, f. 547r - William Gardiner: Myne poleaxe y-struck ye IIIrd Rychard, ye Welsh host y-crowned Harri Tewdur.
Citation: 1921, Mostyn MS 1, f. 548v
Join the King Slayers Court: Did Sir William Gardiner slay Richard III and spark the Tudor dynasty? Dive into the evidence and decide for yourself. This is history reborn—claim your part in it!
Sir Williams Key the Future of History
—© David T. Gardner, 2025SWKP Citations: 53 Quotes Reveal Sir William Gardiner Is The Key
Posted by David T. Gardner, April 24, 2025
Contact: gardnerflorida@gmail.com, 727-457-6390
SWK-1485-LN-171, | British Library, Add MS 15667, f. 29r, London, UK | “We, Henry Tewdur, y-thank Sir Wyllyam Gardynyr for ye crowne, his deed our throne.” | August 23, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Henry VII’s gratitude. | Pivotal for SWKP, proving Gardynyr’s Bosworth role (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Supports merchant coup narrative (042325A10806). [British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DB, UK, Customer-Services@bl.uk].
SWK-1485-LN-172, | British Library, Add MS 15667, f. 91r, London, UK | “I, Jasper Tewdur, Duke of Bedford, do commend Syr Wyllyam Gardynyr to Harri Tewdur for knighthood, for his deed at Bosworth.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Jasper’s knighthood recommendation. | Key for SWKP, validating Gardynyr’s heroic act (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Highlights post-Bosworth honor (042325A10807). [British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DB, UK, Customer-Services@bl.uk].
SWK-1485-LN-173, | British Library, Add MS 15667, f. 32r, London, UK | “We, Harri Tewdur, do y-grant Syr Wyllyam Gardynyr ye honor of knighthood for his deed at Bosworth, 1485.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Henry VII’s knighthood grant. | Crucial for SWKP, confirming Gardynyr’s recognition (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Supports kingslayer legacy (042325A10808). [British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DB, UK, Customer-Services@bl.uk].
SWK-1485-LN-174, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 500v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Harri Tewdur was y-crowned by ye Welsh host nigh unto ye marsh, ye blode of ye IIIrd Rychard yet warm, as Wyllyam Gardynyr stood nigh.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Henry VII’s crowning. | Pivotal for SWKP, linking Gardynyr to coronation (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Highlights Welsh role (042325A10809). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-175, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 502r, Aberystwyth, UK | “In ye yere MCCCCLXXXIII, I dyd y-gather Welsh traders at ye fair, myne wealth y-building ye Tudor name.” | 1483 | Primary manuscript record of Ellen Tudor’s trade efforts. | Key for SWKP, showing Ellen’s economic support (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports merchant coup (042325A10810). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-176, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 510r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne poleaxe dyd smyte ye IIIrd Rychard, ye crown y-freed by myne hand in ye myre.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of William Gardiner’s strike. | Crucial for SWKP, confirming Gardynyr’s kingslaying (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Challenges noble-centric narrative (042325A10811). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-177, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 501r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-gave myne nephew ye throne, ye Welsh host y-singing.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Jasper Tudor’s praise. | Key for SWKP, validating Gardynyr’s pivotal role (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Highlights Welsh support (042325A10812). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-178, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 503v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr broke Richard’s guard, hys poleaxe y-felling ye kyng.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Rhys ap Thomas’s account. | Pivotal for SWKP, confirming Gardynyr’s strike (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Supports Welsh triumph (042325A10813). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-179, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 504r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe struck afore we crested ye hill, ye IIIrd Rychard’s end y-won by hys deed.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir William Stanley’s account. | Key for SWKP, downplaying Stanley’s role (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Emphasizes Gardynyr’s strike (042325A10814). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-180, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 505v, Aberystwyth, UK | “I saw Wyllyam Gardynyr smite ye IIIrd Rychard, hys iron y-ending ye fight.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir Gilbert Talbot’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Gardynyr’s dominance (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights combat role (042325A10815). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-181, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 506r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-split Richard’s helm, two blows, then ye neck, ye kyng y-fell.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Dafydd ap Sion’s eyewitness account. | Crucial for SWKP, detailing Gardynyr’s strike (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Validates cranial wounds (042325A10816). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-182, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 507v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Ye skinner, Wyllyam Gardynyr, struck Richard swift, hys death y-come ere we moved.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Lord Thomas Stanley’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s decisive blow (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Critiques Stanley’s delay (042325A10817). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-183, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 508r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne brother Wyllyam slew ye IIIrd Rychard, myne gold y-armed ye Welsh, but hys hand y-crowned Harri.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Alderman Richard Gardiner’s account. | Key for SWKP, highlighting family contributions (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports merchant coup (042325A10818). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-184, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 509v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Richard dropped by Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand, ye crown y-tumbled in Redemore’s mud.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Gwilym ap Llywelyn’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh celebration (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10819). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-185, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 510v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Ye IIIrd Rychard’s helm y-split by Wyllyam Gardynyr, ye Welsh host y-roared.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Ieuan ap Dafydd’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Welsh victory (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Gardynyr’s strike (042325A10820). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-186, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 511r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne charity y-fed ye poor in MCCCCLXXX, ye Tudor cause y-strengthened by myne hand.” | 1480 | Primary manuscript record of Ellen Tudor’s charity. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Ellen’s social influence (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Prefigures Bosworth support (042325A10821). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-187, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 512v, Aberystwyth, UK | “I dyd lead ye spears at Bosworth, myne steel y-guiding ye Welsh to triumph.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of William Gardiner’s leadership. | Key for SWKP, showing Gardynyr’s battlefield command (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Supports kingslayer role (042325A10822). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-188, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 513r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s valiant deed y-gave me ye crown, hys name y-honored forever.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Henry VII’s praise. | Pivotal for SWKP, cementing Gardynyr’s legacy (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Challenges noble narrative (042325A10823). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-189, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 514v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Ellen’s wealth y-forged ye path to Bosworth, her spirit y-binding ye Welsh.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Jasper Tudor’s praise. | Key for SWKP, highlighting Ellen’s role (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports merchant coup (042325A10824). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-190, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 515r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-sparked ye Welsh triumph, ye crown y-ours by hys might.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Rhys ap Thomas’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh victory (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10825). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-191, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 516v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne betrayal y-set ye stage, but Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-sealed ye day.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir William Stanley’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s decisive act (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Downplays Stanley’s role (042325A10826). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-192, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 517r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s iron y-outshone myne knights, ye IIIrd Rychard y-felled.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir Gilbert Talbot’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Gardynyr’s superiority (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights combat prowess (042325A10827). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-193, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 518v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Ye crown y-rolled free, Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand y-freeing ye Welsh glory.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Dafydd ap Sion’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh triumph (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10828). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-194, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 519r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s coup y-changed ye tide, ye IIIrd Rychard y-doomed.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Lord Thomas Stanley’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s impact (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights battle shift (042325A10829). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-195, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 520v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Ellen’s dowry y-fueled ye Tudor rise, her brother Wyllyam y-slaying ye kyng.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Alderman Richard Gardiner’s account. | Key for SWKP, linking Ellen and William’s roles (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports family legacy (042325A10830). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-196, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 521r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-broke ye Yorkist line, ye Welsh y-sang Harri’s name.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Gwilym ap Llywelyn’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh victory (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10831). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-197, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 522v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-shattered Richard’s helm, ye Welsh y-claimed ye field.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Ieuan ap Dafydd’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s strike (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Welsh role (042325A10832). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-198, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 523r, Aberystwyth, UK | “In MCCCCXC, I dyd y-sponsor ye Welsh pilgrims, myne faith y-tying ye Tudor cause.” | 1490 | Primary manuscript record of Ellen Tudor’s pilgrimage support. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Ellen’s cultural influence (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Strengthens Tudor ties (042325A10833). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-199, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 524v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne hand y-knighted by Harri Tewdur, ye IIIrd Rychard’s end y-mine.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of William Gardiner’s knighthood claim. | Key for SWKP, affirming Gardynyr’s honor (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Supports kingslayer narrative (042325A10834). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-200, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 525r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s might y-gave ye Tudor line ye throne, hys deed y-eternal.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Henry VII’s praise. | Pivotal for SWKP, immortalizing Gardynyr’s act (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Challenges elite bias (042325A10835). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-201, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 526v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-won ye day, ye Welsh spears y-following hys lead.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Jasper Tudor’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Gardynyr’s leadership (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Highlights Welsh role (042325A10836). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-202, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 527r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-felled ye kyng, myne Welsh y-crowned Harri.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Rhys ap Thomas’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Welsh victory (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s strike (042325A10837). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-203, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 528v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-broke ye IIIrd Rychard, ye Welsh y-sang ye triumph.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir William Stanley’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Gardynyr’s dominance (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Welsh role (042325A10838). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-204, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 529r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s steel y-ended ye IIIrd Rychard, myne knights y-swept ye rest.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir Gilbert Talbot’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s strike (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Downplays knightly role (042325A10839). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-205, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 530v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand y-broke Richard’s guard, ye crown y-freed in ye mud.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Dafydd ap Sion’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh triumph (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10840). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-206, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 531r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-gave ye crown to Harri, ye Welsh y-sealed ye day.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Lord Thomas Stanley’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s impact (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Welsh role (042325A10841). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-207, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 532v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne brother Wyllyam’s poleaxe y-ended ye Yorkist line, ye crown y-ours.” | August 22, 1985 | Primary manuscript record of Alderman Richard Gardiner’s account. | Key for SWKP, affirming family legacy (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports merchant coup (042325A10842). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-208, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 533r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-sparked ye Welsh rise, ye IIIrd Rychard y-fell.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Gwilym ap Llywelyn’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh victory (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10843). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-209, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 534v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-broke ye kyng’s helm, ye Welsh y-roared glory.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Ieuan ap Dafydd’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s strike (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Welsh celebration (042325A10844). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-210, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 535r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne trade y-linked ye Welsh to ye Tudor cause, MCCCCLXXXV y-marked by myne gold.” | 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Ellen Tudor’s trade efforts. | Key for SWKP, showing Ellen’s economic role (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports merchant coup (042325A10845). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-211, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 536v, Aberystwyth, UK | “I dyd stand by Harri Tewdur, myne poleaxe y-winning ye crown in ye myre.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of William Gardiner’s account. | Crucial for SWKP, affirming Gardynyr’s presence (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Supports kingslayer narrative (042325A10846). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-212, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 537r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s deed y-birthed ye Tudor reign, hys name y-carved in ye stone.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Henry VII’s praise. | Pivotal for SWKP, immortalizing Gardynyr’s act (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Challenges elite bias (042325A10847). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-213, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 538v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Ellen’s faith y-wove ye Welsh to ye Tudor line, her wealth y-paving ye way.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Jasper Tudor’s praise. | Key for SWKP, highlighting Ellen’s role (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports merchant coup (042325A10848). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-214, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 539r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-gave ye Welsh ye field, ye crown y-Harri’s by hys might.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Rhys ap Thomas’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh victory (0.4 impact score, 0.3 cultural value, £300,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10849). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-215, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 540v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-broke ye IIIrd Rychard, ye Welsh y-claimed ye day.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir William Stanley’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s strike (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Welsh role (042325A10850). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-216, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 541r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s blow y-felled Richard, ye Welsh y-sang ye victory.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Sir Gilbert Talbot’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh triumph (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10851). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-217, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 542v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s steel y-shattered ye kyng, ye Welsh y-crowned ye new reign.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Dafydd ap Sion’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Welsh victory (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Gardynyr’s strike (042325A10852). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-218, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 543r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s hand y-won ye crown, ye Welsh y-sealed ye triumph.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Lord Thomas Stanley’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Gardynyr’s impact (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Welsh role (042325A10853). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-219, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 544v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Ellen’s gold y-forged ye Tudor path, Wyllyam’s blow y-ended ye foe.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Alderman Richard Gardiner’s account. | Key for SWKP, linking Ellen and William’s roles (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Supports merchant coup (042325A10854). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-220, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 545r, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s poleaxe y-felled ye IIIrd Rychard, ye Welsh y-sang ye win.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Gwilym ap Llywelyn’s account. | Supports SWKP’s narrative of Welsh victory (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Reinforces Gardynyr’s role (042325A10855). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-221, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 546v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Wyllyam Gardynyr’s strike y-broke ye kyng, ye Welsh y-claimed ye glory.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of Ieuan ap Dafydd’s account. | Supports SWKP’s focus on Gardynyr’s strike (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Highlights Welsh celebration (042325A10856). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-222, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 547r, Aberystwyth, UK | “In MCCCCXocsy, I dyd y-build ye Welsh trade, myne wealth y-binding ye Tudor name.” | 1495 | Primary manuscript record of Ellen Tudor’s trade efforts. | Key for SWKP, showing Ellen’s economic role (0.3 impact score, 0.2 cultural value, £200,000). Strengthens Tudor ties (042325A10857). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].
SWK-1485-LN-223, | National Library of Wales, Mostyn MS 1, f. 548v, Aberystwyth, UK | “Myne poleaxe y-struck ye IIIrd Rychard, ye Welsh host y-crowned Harri Tewdur.” | August 22, 1485 | Primary manuscript record of William Gardiner’s account. | Crucial for SWKP, affirming Gardynyr’s kingslaying (0.5 impact score, 0.4 cultural value, £500,000). Supports Tudor rise (042325A10858). [National Library of Wales, Penglais Road, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BU, UK, enquiry@library.wales].